Keywords:
ialocele, Iatrogenic, Extraction, Complication

 Sialoceles are subcutaneous accumulations of saliva leaking from salivary structures such as a gland or duct.¹ A variety of causes have been hypothesized or identified. Foreign bodies, sialolithiasis, sialadenitis, neoplasia, salivary gland lipomatosis and trauma.^1-3 In a case series of dogs undergoing parotidectomy for the treatment of parotid sialocele, the cause of the sialocele was identified in 8/14 dogs.¹ In comparison the majority sialoceles arising from the sublingual/mandibular gland complex are idiopathic.²

Reported iatrogenic intraoperative complications in dogs include ocular trauma,4 retained root fragments,⁵ traumatic brain injury,⁶ displacement of root fragments into 3rd spaces,⁷ and mandibular fracture.8 Although many veterinary texts caution the reader about the potential for iatrogenic damage to salivary structures during dental extraction,^9-11 to the best of this author’s knowledge, sialocele formation post dental extraction has not previously been reported in dogs, but has previously been reported in a human.¹²

This presentation will describe sialocele formation shortly after dental extraction in 4 dogs, discussing signalment, teeth extracted, salivary gland affected and subsequent management of the sialoceles. Potential contributing factors to salivary structure trauma during dental extraction and strategies for avoiding damage to salivary structures will also be discussed.

References
1. Proot, JLJ, Nelissen P, Ladlow JF, Blacklock KB, et al. Parotidectomy for the treatment of parotid sialocoele in 14 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2016;57(2):79-83. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12429
2. Ritter MJ, von Pfeil DJF, Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, et al. Mandibular and sublingual sialocoeles in the dog: A retrospective evaluation of 41 cases, using the ventral approach for treatment. N Z Vet J 2006;54(6):333-337. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2006.36720
3. Cannon MS, Paglia D, Zwingenberger AL, Boroffka SAE, et al. Clinical and diagnostic imaging findings in dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis: 11 cases (1990-2009). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;239(9):1211-1218. doi: 10.2460/javma.239.9.1211
4. Duke F, Snyder CJ, Bentley E, Dubielzig RR. Ocular trauma originating from within the oral cavity: clinical relevance and histologic findings in 10 cases (2003-2013). J Vet Dent 2014; 31(4):245-248. doi: 10.1177/089875641403100404
5. Moore JI, Niemiec B. Evaluation of extraction sites for evidence of retained tooth roots and periapical pathology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014;50(2):77-82. doi: 10.1177/0898756417751420
6. Troxel M. Iatrogenic traumatic brain injury during tooth extraction. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015;51(2):114-118. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6094
7. Taylor TN, Smith MM, Snyder L. Nasal displacement of a tooth root in a dog. J Vet Dent 2004;21(4):222-225. doi: 10.1177/089875640402100403
8. Lopes FM, Gioso MA, Ferro DG, Leon-Roman MA, et al. Oral fractures in dogs of Brazil – a retrospective study. J Vet Dent 2005;22(2):86-90. doi: 10.1177/089875640502200202
9. Lommer MJ, Tsugawa AJ, Verstraete FJM. Extraction of multirooted teeth in dogs. In: Verstraete FJM, Lommer MJ, eds. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Saunders/Elsevier; 2012:131-139. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4618-6.00014-2
10. Ritchie C. A modified technique for extraction site closure of the maxillary molars in a dog. J Vet Dent 2018;35(1):42-45. doi: 10.1177/0898756417751420
11. Vall P. Maxillary molar tooth extraction in the dog. J Vet Dent 2012;29(4):276-284. doi: 10.1177/089875641202900414
12. Masrani S, Saha D, Singhai A, Sanghavi S. Parotid duct sialocele following dental procedure: An uncommon cause of right oro-buccal swelling; with review of literature. Case Reports in Clinical Radiology 2023;2(1):49-52. doi: 10.25259/CRCR_106_2023